A tragedy occurred at the Vaal Reefs’ #2 Shaft near Orkney in North West province, when an underground locomotive crashed through a barrier into the shaft at a level of 1,700 metres below surface, falling onto a conveyance that was transporting 104 mineworkers underground. The impact caused the conveyance to plunge 2,300 metres below surface to the bottom of the shaft.

The tragedy spurred a concerted push by mining stakeholders for revisions in legislation and the adoption of a holistic approach to mine health and safety. The Vaal Reefs accident was instructive in the drafting of a new legislation and presaged the promulgation of the Mine Health and Safety Act (MHSA) 29 of 1996. The MHSA is still highly regarded today and was reviewed in 2008, with enforcement provisions strengthened.

The Leon Commission of Inquiry had been set up in 1994 to investigate mining accidents. Among the findings in respect of this accident was that there had been no safety barrier in place to prevent the locomotive from entering the shaft. Further, a detaching hook was found to have opened during the accident and released the conveyance from the rope, allowing it to fall to the bottom of the shaft.

Following the event, the South African Safety in Mining Research Council (SIMRAC) undertook much research aimed at mitigating the risks of detaching hooks. In December 2000, SIMRAC released a risk assessment of hoisting with and without a safety detaching hook. The results of the project indicated that for detaching hooks to be acceptable, they must be shown not to open under impact energy levels of 20 megajoules and masses of 5 tonnes.

After this tragedy, Anglo American Corporation, Vaal Reefs Exploration and Mining, and the National Union of Mineworkers created the Vaal Reefs Disaster Trust with the primary objective of providing financial assistance and support to the 431 dependants of the employees who had died.

Vision Zero is a global prevention strategy developed by the International Social Security Association. Vision Zero is based on the assumption that all accidents, harm and work-related ill-health are preventable and is part of the foundation of the industry’s zero harm goal. It includes a comprehensive yet simple framework to address health, safety and wellbeing in the workplace in a systematic manner with the following golden rules:

1. Take leadership – demonstrate commitment
2. Identify hazards – control risks
3. Define targets – develop programmes
4. Ensure a safe and healthy system – be well-organised
5. Ensure safety and health in machines, equipment and workplaces
6. Improve qualifications – develop competence
7. Invest in people – motivate by participation

The South African mining industry is committed to zero harm and strives to ensure that every mineworker returns from work safe and healthy every day.
Useful links:

• http://mg.co.za/article/1995-05-12-mine-disaster-pushes-safety-to-top-of-political-agenda
• https://www.mhsc.org.za/sites/default/files/public/research_documents/GAP%20701%20Risk%20assessment%20of%20hoisting%20without%20a%20safety%20detaching%20hook.pdf
• http://www.miasa.org.za/vision-zero